1370

ouncil of Constance in 1415 led to his excommunication and eventual execution The Church’s response reflected the tension between reformist ideas and ecclesiastical authority—a tension encapsulated in his “curseur” position The Trial and

essional armies. Military service became more centralized under royal authority, reducing feudal fragmentation. Conclusion The armies of Castile and Aragon between 1370 and 1516 evolved from feudal levies and chivalric knights into sophisticated, multi-faceted military forces. The