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Resection (LAR) Removal of rectal tumor with preservation of anal sphincter Anastomosis between remaining colon and anus Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) For low rectal cancers involving sphincters Creation of permanent

Laser therapies for anal warts and hemorrhoids. Stem cell therapy for sphincter reconstruction. Biological meshes and tissue engineering for complex fistulas. Research and Clinical Trials Ongoing studies aim to improve the understanding of anal pathologies, optimiz