discrete

unting Principles Principle of Addition: If there are two mutually exclusive choices, the total number of outcomes is the sum of individual outcomes. Principle of Multiplication: When choices are independent, the total number of outcomes is the prod

rs. Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP): Similar to DLP but on elliptic curves, providing high security with smaller key sizes. Applications of Discrete Algebraic Methods in Cryptography Public-Key Cryptography Public-k

3. Combinatorics Combinatorics deals with counting, arrangement, and combination of objects. Babu Ram emphasizes: Permutations and combinations Pigeonhole principle Inclusion-exclusion principle Applications in